Hello Ben,
I'm sorry for not checking the attachment completely.
From theattachment, I can understand that you are trying to deploy the MSI package with MST file.
Could you choose the package type as MSI and provide the MST file name in the MST file name field to deploy Adobe Acrobat Pro?.
Further, you no need to include the msiexec.exe /i or /qn to install the MSI package in a silent mode, because Desktop Central will include standard commands for MSI package automatically.
Try this suggestion and keep me posted the status of this case.